This page was last edited on 16 June 2015, at 11:24. Figure 8. Saba senegalensis Name Synonyms Landolphia senegalensis (A.DC.) All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Production chart of nectar maad standardized by the Institute of Food Technology (ITA) of Dakar. It should also avoid a maad harvested in the rainy season during this period; the fruit becomes a flower [20] . The leaves are opposite, elliptical, dark green in color, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide. Pichon Common names Senegal saba in English liane saba in French mad in language. Figure 6. Figure 5. There are even some forest harvesters who harvest only green fruits in order to lengthen the conservation and reduce losses, but the disadvantage of this method is that the quality of the fruit is mainly due to the early harvest, that is to say the fruit has not yet reached maturity. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. Saba senegalensis known as weda in the Moore, French, and English languages, is a fruit producing plant of the Apocynaceae family, native to the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa.It has several common names in various West African Languages. The ripe fruits are anorexic, antiscorbutic, stimulating, tonic [33] . Logged mwambao. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. More Accounts and Images; ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (SASE15) Integrated Taxonomic Information System … It is by Cesar Calderon at USDA APHIS PPQ. Table 1. The roots of this species are used in the care of female infertility and treat skin burns. Root. Of course, some trees are planted in garden as specimen plants or for ornamental purposes. A liana up to 40 m long, often shrub like; trunk up to 20 cm in diameter; bark rough or scaly. Son fruit est appelé laaré (en soussou de Guinée), zaban (en bambara ou dioula), malombo ou makalakonki (dans le bassin du Congo), maad (en wolof), made (en français d'Afrique), wèda (en mooré), côcôta (en Côte d'Ivoire), et mkonkar (en manjaque Saba is a highly prized fruit and in parts of Africa, these are also important to the rural economy. Saba senegalensis Pichon, Mem. Saba plant is also very ornamental and so is often grown as an edible ornamental in the garden. The fruits of the maad also contain an essential oil whose major compounds terpineol (29.8%), linalool (18%) and benzoic acid (9.2%) [28] . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Received: August 2, 2018; Accepted: September 17, 2018; Published: September 20, 2018. In Senegal, it comes largely from Casamance (Southern Senegal) and Kedougou (eastern Senegal). Bandoma, E. (2009). The plant has a rough or scaly bark of dark gray color with a pale red slice [1] . Dry root bark powder is applied to wounds as healing [9] [32] . The generic name is adapted from the name of the plant Maninka, the specific epithet senegalensis refers to Senegal in West Africa where it was collected for identification [4] [9] and (Table 1). Brilliant on upper surface, an elliptical or oval limber glabrous barely acuminate and shiny above, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide [14] with a rounded or rounded base and apex short obtuse tip, 8 to 14 pairs of lateral veins, translucent fresh, and a network of fine nerves (Figure 2). The gathering is carried out essentially by the women and the children who resell basins or baskets of fruits in the weekly markets of the production areas to itinerant traders or to the itinerant traders known as “Banas Banas”. Food and Nutrition Sciences This plant has no children Legal Status. zones. The effects of Saba senegalensis in local traditional medicine are varied. Jump to navigation Jump to search. It can be mashed and used for porridge and “Tuo-zaafi” [2]. Saba is a fruit from Africa.It is believed to be a native of Sahel of Africa. In High Guinea, the nuclei surrounded by their pulp are sun-dried and used to replace lemon and tamarin [12] . Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. They are hemostatic, anti-gonorrheal, antiseptic, anti-emetic and healing [1] [2] . These areas are characterized by maritime trade winds with an average annual temperature of 26˚C - 31˚C, a dry climate with considerable variations in humidity. Le madd ou Saba senegalensis Aussi appelé zaban (en bambara ou dioula), malombo (Congo), maad (en wolof) et made (en français d’Afrique), ou wèda (en mooré), c’est un … The seeds are coated with an aromatic sweet and sour flesh. The fruit contents 41.43 until 80% water with a low pH (2.24). glabriflora Hua Saba senegalensis var. Other names: Madd, madinka, wolof. nistr ative s (S ourou et N ayala) et limit é par six aut res prov inces (Mouhoun , Kossi, Y atenga, Zondoma, Pas soré et Sanguié) et la Répub lique du Mali au Nord (figu re 1). Accessed: 2018 Oct. 24. glabriflora (Hua) Pichon Vahea senegalensis A.DC. The statistics available on the exploitation of maad do not make it possible to differentiate between the quantity exploited and the quantity marketed. Saba senegalensis est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Apocynaceae.. Reference page. Nutritional composition of Saba senegalensis pulp [8] [20] - [27] . Contact us about this record. It fights against several types of diseases. Interpreting Wetland Status. DC.) POWO . It was Marcel Pichon, however, who reclassified it into to valid classification in 1953, and today he drives primarily to the edge of the river, in areas with wooded savannahs, wet areas in gallery forests [4] [5] . It has economic potential given the enthusiasm of the various actors of the distribution and marketing exploitation circuit. It is commonly found growing in Western Tropical Africa from Senegal to Togo. The tree grows predominantly on riverbanks and in woodlands in Guiné-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Somalia, Mali and Ivory Coast. Most are eaten as casual snacks, but some are employed even as a staple, especially during the rainy season. Espesye sa tanom nga bulak nga una nga gihulagway ni A ang Saba senegalensis.Dc., ug nga gihatagan sa eksakto nga ngalan ni Marcel Pichon.Ang Saba senegalensis sakop sa kahenera nga Saba sa kabanay nga Apocynaceae. Image 2186051 is of Senegal saba (Saba senegalensis ) seed(s). DC. Like such others fruits, Saba is very rich in carbohydrates but values vary widely from author to author in the range of 11 - 74.23 g/100 g [20] [22] [23] [24] [26] [27] . Jun 18, 2013 - Madd or Sabba Senegalensis: a tropical fruit you eat all summer long in Senegal! Diversification of tree crops; Pichon was already described and the name available on behalf of Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus of Candolle. Ang mga gi basihan niini. In Senegal, the fruit is eaten as it or transformed into puree, nectar, syrup, canned etc. Kotschy & Peyr. The Saba’s fruit is very rich in vitamin C. Nafan et al. DC.) The section of the fruit shows a hard, thick and bumpy skin, which covers a fibrous membrane adhered to the skin surrounding all the nuclei (Figure 5) [12] . Glacy is the first glacier in the Congo to offer ice creams and sorbets made from tropical forest fruits. Its fruit is characterized by its wealth of antioxidant molecules including polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamin C, but especially because of its high acidity. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. These are, however, sometimes protected by villagers for picking their fruits and also for me4dicinal uses. Saba senegalensis is a medicinal food plants and has the potential of contributing to soil and water conservation. It is believed to be a native of Sahel of Africa. It is commonly found growing in Western Tropical Africa from Senegal to Togo. Domestic production arriving in the capital is much lower than imports, with as an example for 2015, of the 1427 t of maad registered, only 521.24 t come from Senegal or 36.5% of annual consumption. Main production areas of Maad in the south and the eastern part of Senegal. The rainy season lasts from 2 to 4 months with a maximum of precipitation during the month of August for an annual average of 400 to 1200 mm [17] . One of the characteristics of Saba senegalensis is the level of β-carotene (vitamin A) which is estimated at 1.55 mg/100 g [8] . 2013. The titratable acidity is from 30 up to 78.5 meq/100 ml; this high content explains the acid taste of the fruit with a malic acid concentration of 47.2 mg/100 g [24] . Many losses are recorded in fruit production and conservation poses serious problems for loggers [7] . Saba senegalensis. The fruit of Saba is a large ovoid berry, of yellow-orange color at maturity [4] containing seven to twenty nuclei depending on the size covered, of a juicy acidulous pulp. The products are either packed in very large baskets called “Damba” transported in trucks for those coming from Kedougou and part of Casamance or transported by boat to the other part of Casamance for supplies in the rest of the country. Preferably seedlings newly germinated thank you Gustavo. Further research on the antioxidant and therapeutic properties of maad should be carried out as well as the study of thermal degradation of antioxidant molecules. However it does not contain tannins or alkaloids [27] . This fruit is characterized by its richness in antioxidant molecules especially vitamin C (480 mg/100 g) and total polyphenols (945.83 mg/100 g). Found mainly in South Sudan and West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, The Gambia, the 2 Guineas, Mali, Niger [4] , Saba senegalensis (A. Figure 4. Homonyms Saba senegalensis (A.DC.) Taxonomy of Saba senegalensis [8] . The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper. It grows mainly along riverbanks [4]. Sepals shortly apiculate. All these components contribute to suppose that Saba’s fruits may really have nutritional and healthy impact to consumers. Would anyone have photos of seedlings or seeds of SABA Senegalensis? However markets are also flooded by the same products from Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry or sometimes even Mali, maad was controlled and registered on the national territory, between 2014 and 2015 respectively 1132 to 1427 tons maad [36] . Our bibliographic study proposes a selection and a compilation of information available in the literature and research results on the botany, composition and uses of maad to better understand the nutritional and economic potential of the fruit. Saba is a fruit from Africa. IPNI Life Sciences Identifier (LSID) urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81759-1 Publication Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire. As it matures, it goes from green, its initial color, to light orange [13] . The leaves are used in cases of migraine or food poisoning [1] [2] , but also in the treatment of injuries when they are pounded [1] . It can also be added in other food diets such as yoghurt. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. Table 3. Famiy: Apocynaceae. To avoid these losses, it is good to respect the collect procedures, pick unhooked fruits without injury on the envelope that can serve as entry doors to contamination, put in an appropriate packaging, respect the principles of hygiene. It’s also content thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6. In Senegal, the Wolof call it maad while Manding say Saba. Il frutto della Saba senegalensis ha una scorza esterna gialla e dura.Il frutto è riempito internamente da baccelli di semi che possono essere succhiati, similmente a quello che si può fare con il tamarindo.Il sapore è descritto come frizzante e aspro, come quello del mango o del limone.Nei paesi saheliani si usa frequentemente per produrre un succo (màdd in Senegal). The fruits are collected from wild only. 1-1.5 times as long as wide, corolla with a yellow throat; tube 5-9 times as long as the calyx. Copyright © 2006-2018 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. (a) Fruit, (b) Leaf and (c) Flower of Saba senegalensis [10] . The evolution of maad production recorded in Senegal has undergone a very wide variation from 1997 to 2015 (Figure 8). The fruits are often eaten by local people and also offered for sale at some places. Generally, Saba creeper returns to fruiting in less than two years [19] . These results therefore only concern products that have been declared at the water and forest management level and taxed at CFAF 15 per kg in the various control. Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. The interior of the berry contains a fine fibrous superficial skin that includes fruit [12] . Inhalation of the vapor emitted during the boiling of the leaves in the water would calm headaches and coughing [31] . Pichon – Senegal saba Subordinate Taxa. The tree grows predominantly on riverbanks and in woodlands. It helps to fight against vomiting, stomach pain and anemia [2] [9] . The macerate leaves help fight against vomiting and stomachaches [32] . It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Wetland Status. Senegal, Saba senegalensis, Fruit, Uses, Composition. Common Name Senegal saba. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. A Dissertation to the Horticulture department of the University for Development Studies (unpublished). 10.4236/fns.2018.99080, Médoune Gaye Sarr1,2, Nafissatou Diop Ndiaye3, Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou1,2*, Papa Guedel Faye1,2, Mady Cisse1,2, Mama Sakho1,2, Codou Mar Diop1,2, 1Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Sénégal, 2Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et des Procédés Membranaires, Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et les Molécules Fonctionnelles (CESAM), Dakar, Sénégal, 3Institut de Technologie Alimentaire (ITA), Atelier de transformation des fruits et légumes, Dakar, Sénégal. Stamens inserted 3.5-6 mm above the corolla base; filaments 0.4-1 x 0.1 mm, anthers 1-2 x 0.2-0.5 mm, ovary often ribbed, glabrous with ca 30 ovules, style 1.5-3 mm long, pistil-head 1.7-2 mm long, basal part up to 1.8 mm long. Distribution Area and Vernacular Names, Saba senegalensis is mainly found in South Sudan and West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Guineas, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Tanzania [4] [5] (Figure 3). Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Your email address will not be published. ; S. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex [1] , it has a dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a 20 cm turn [3] [4] [9] . The fruit is tasty, sweet-sour with yellow pulp when ripe [1]. measure up to 47 cm in diameter [3] [4] [5] . On average during the 2013-2015 periods, 1103.55 t of maad were consumed in Dakar. Leakey R. R. B., and Tchoundjeun Z., (2001). Saba senegalensis (Bambara: Nsaban or Zaban; English: Senegal saba; French (from a Pulaar bastardization): liane saba; Wolof: mad or madd or 'kabaa' in Gambian Wolof; Pulaar: laare) is a shrub-like fruit tree of the Apocynaceae family, native to the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa. The dark gray bark can reach more than 40 m and a trunk up to 47 cm in diameter [2] [3] [4] . Figure 7. The inside of the shell is also covered with superficial skin that can be consumed. It also helps to fight against cough and tuberculosis [34] . The leaves are prepared in sauces and condiments as an aperitif with a salty or sweet taste [2] [31] . ! It is a fruit that is very popular with the population and can be consumed as such or can be processed into puree, nectar, jams and preserves [1] [7] . Food and Nutrition Sciences, 9, 1099-1111. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2018.99080. The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article According to the Department of Water and Forests, maad accounts for 15% of the total amount of picking fruits in Senegal [35] . (2013) indicate rates ranging from 34.8 to 67.5 mg/100 g [27] ; this value can even go up to 480 mg/100 g [20] . Required fields are marked *. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. This marketing on long journeys is facilitated by the long shelf life of the fruit which can be kept in good condition for (8 to 10) days if it enjoys good transport and storage conditions [12] . Member; Posts: 120; Canada; Re: Saba Senegalensis seedling pics. Franç. Green fruits fight against sterility, galactagogic, colic [2] [32] . WikiProject Plants (Rated Stub-class, Low-importance) This article is within the scope of WikiProject Plants, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of plants and botany on Wikipedia. They are also blended with water and sugar and made into fruity beverage. The main destinations are the country’s major markets: Kolda, Diaobe, Bignona, Touba, Dinguiraye and Dakar which is the. It is haemostatic and coagulant [2] [9] . Saba senegalensis is a plant that grows in most countries in West Africa. The nutritional composition of the pulp (Table 2) is subject to very large. Meanwhile, the important of these products in the life of populations allows, without quantitative data, to say that the quantity exploited is largely underestimated because of the local consumption not taken into account. Thus, the study of the stability of the products resulting from the transformation must be envisaged in order to reduce the post-harvest losses and to ensure a good conservation of these products but especially in a general way to contribute to the valorization of this fruit very appreciated by the population. Figure 3. Retailers, who occupy the last link in the chain, sell the product per unit ranging from 50 to 250 CFA depending on the size. The ingestion of its seeds may remain asymptomatic, but can also cause abdominal pain and bowel obstruction. Leaves opposite, petiole 4-14.5 mm long; lamina 1.5-3 times as long as wide, apex rounded, obtuse, shortly acuminate or apiculate with 7-14 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate or scalariform, submarginal veins abundant. Paris, Dakar Collation 35: 316 Family as entered in IPNI Further researches on the nutritional and therapeutic properties deserve to be conducted. After the wholesalers, the resellers will repackage the products in large baskets; 50 or 60 kg, or average baskets weighing 35 or 40 kg. Figure 2. main place of disembarkation and distribution of maad especially in the “Syndicat, Tilene or Port” markets where wholesalers, semi-wholesalers and retailers are responsible for resale. Leaves are opposite, dark green, elliptical, lanceolate and petiolate with entire margins. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. Saba senegalensis (SS), also called Liana goyin, is a well-known and commonly eaten fruit in Western Africa. Afrique Noire 35: 316 (1953). Frutto. The following matches were found for "Saba senegalensis": (Your search term was understood as: Genus = Saba and species = senegalensis) Plant names. In Senegal, it comes largely from Casamance (southern Senegal) and Kedougou (eastern Senegal) (Figure 4) and is also present in widely dispersed individuals Niayes [10] [11] . Sabasenegalensis Sabasenegalensis(Bambara:NsabanorZaban;English: Senegal saba; French(fromaPulaarbastardization): lianesaba;Wolof: madormaddor“kabaa”inGam- variations which are obviously related to the variability of climatic conditions, to the nature of the soil, but also to the various methods of analysis used. With a peak of 2370 tons in 2004 [36] , the total national maad production in Senegal cannot be accurately advanced for the moment as it ignores the quantity consumed and sold in the villages or used by chimpanzees or other animals. Inflorescence a 3-30 flowered lax cyme, peduncle 2.5-6 cm long, pedicels 2.5-8 mm long. The fruit pulp is tart and pleasant [3] . Fruits characterization of (ORA), (Saba senegalensis) in some parts of the Upper West Region, Pp 4-7. Maad contents an appreciate level of 945.83 mg/100 g polyphenols [21] , mainly composed of flavonoids and anthocyanins. 2.0 2.1; Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan Scientific plant list. The evaluation of the nutritional and aromatic potential of the pulp is very incomplete, particularly as regards the profile of polyphenols, carotenoids and aroma compounds. 3. Very soft and juicy, the pulp is sweet and tart and the skin of the fruit has a green color before maturity [13] , but at its physiological maturity, its color becomes orange (Figure 2). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). No matching references found in Library Catalogue; Collections. Quantity of S. senegalensis distributed in Dakar from 2013 to 2015 [36] . Saba senegalensis has a long and rich history in herbal medicine with noted native use. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. S. senegalensis fruits begin to ripen as early as the beginning of the rainy season, starting in June and the harvest can be until September. The flowers are white, greenish or yellowish very fragrant, in terminal corymbs, they have a corolla wide of 3 to 4 cm with a yellowish tube, 10 to 15 mm long, 5 - 9 times longer than the calyx [1] [4] [10] , with 5 white, oblong lobes, 3 to 6 mm wide, thickened towards the base, 1.5 mm wide at the apex, finely pubescent. Women buy, for example, the basket at 25,000 FCFA and sell retail in lots of 500 - 1000 FCFA and sometimes even 250 FCFA. Leaves opposite, petiole 4-14.5 mm long; lamina 1.5-3 times as long as wide, apex rounded, obtuse, shortly acuminate or apiculate with 7-14 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate or scalariform, submarginal veins abundant. Flowering is spread over the whole year and the peak of flowering is between April and May, some plans may be in flower and fruit [1] [15] (Figure 2). Copyright © 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. In Senegal, the maad comes largely from Casamance and Kédougou. Le Sénégal est un pays grouillé de ressources naturelles parmi lesquelles des fruits naturels ou sauvages de tout genre mais comestibles surtout. Cross section of the fruit of S. senegalensis. StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal là một Shareware phần mềm trong danh mục Thể loại khác được phát triển bởi StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal.. Phiên bản mới nhất của StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal hiện thời không rõ. It is a climbing plant that usually seeks support from other plant species to cling and grow (Figure 1). The species can live in various ecological conditions with an average annual rainfall ranging from 100 mm to 1300 mm and in altitudes of 0 - 800 m [4] [18] , it is resistant to bush fire. A plant of saba. Landolphia senegalensis var. In Dakar, the maad found on the market comes largely from the sub region Casamance, comes second and then Kédougou and Kolda region. 2 entries found in World Checklist; Bibliographies. DC.) In the literature it is identified by other names such as: Vubea or Vabea senegalensis A. Latex can treat pulmonary problems. Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis is still under-exploited. But it happens that its seeds germinate in places where there is no support and therefore the plant manages to the place where it sprouted. The plant is believed to have medico-magical attributes and is often preserved on the outskirts of villages. Although at the “Syndicat” market, the marketing of maad occupies more than 100 half-wholesalers and about sixty wholesalers. Its fruit is very popular with the population. Petals 1 - 1.5 cm long, more or less translucent fresh, with prominent midrib on top, 8 - 14 pairs of lateral veins. Table 3 presents the quantity of maad consumed in Dakar from 2013 to 2015. In Senegal, there is only one variety of Saba Senegalensis belonging to the Spermaphyte branch, the Magnoliophyta sub-branch, the Magnoliopsida class, the Asteridae subclass to the order of the Gentianales and the family of Apocynaceae [8] . Saba senegalensis pulp is used for jam and juice production in Senegal and Burkina Faso. Maad picking in the production areas is very organized; the start date of picking is still fixed and is reserved only for local populations. Fruits which until now were only consumed in their natural form. A cette catégorie, appartient le «Saba Senegalensis» (de son nom scientifique) plus connu ici sous l’appellation de «madd». Branchlets glabrous, lenticel, purple brown with the presence of a small bead on the branch between the base of each pair of leaves. After having conditioned the fruits of maad or in bags that were previously used for the conditioning of the rice or the onion, these Banas Banas will declare these products at the level of the agents of waters and forests by paying 15 francs CFA kg to be able to take them out and sell them on the market. Table 2. The fruit is a large ovoid, bumpy, globose berry, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide that contains seeds coated with slightly translucent yellow and fibrous pulps [10] [11] . (a) Maad puree, (b) Raw pulp, (c) Maad nectar, (d) Maad preserve. But still saba is not grown as an orchard fruit except in gardens as a sample tree. Generally we distinguish in its range of distribution according to the nature of the support, climbing species, and the lack of support of the bush species. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9700618. Saba has also not yet travelled beyond Africa. Comparing the national production consumed in Dakar and the maad import market arriving in Dakar. Yum!! Synonyms: Landolphia senegalensis. Hassler, M. 2018. This cause might not be recognized by radiologists who are not aware of SS CT features. Saba senegalensis (A. Inst. It is a plant that according to the local pharmacopoeia has therapeutic properties, from the fruit to the roots through the leaves, bark, and latex. It can be eaten as is or seasoned with sugar, salt and/or chilly [1] [7] [9] . Sweet n sour, n full of vitamin c. Botanical Family Apocynaceae. The packaging bag weighs on average 65 kg [29] . It can also be processed into mashed potatoes, nectar, jams, preserves and maad jellies [30] . Published on the internet. It grows in all types of soil. The lipid content is 0.2 g/100 g [23] and the protein content varies from 0.8 to 0.3 g/100 g [23] [24] . Related Links. Govaerts, R. et al. The sepals are 1 - 1.5 times longer than broad, the stamens are inserted 3.5 - 6 mm above the base of the corolla. Sarr, M.G., Ndiaye, N.D., Ayessou, N.C., Faye, P.G., Cisse, M., Sakho, M. and Diop, C.M. Approximate Range of Saba senegalensis [4] . see the world log on website by shawn murray (ssmurray@gmail.com and http://ssmurray.googlepages.com) and aaron darling Vol.09 No.09(2018), Article ID:87408,13 pages The maad is also used to cure constipation for this, it is just enough to constantly drink fruit juice. Tổng quan. Your email address will not be published. In Senegal, the maad can be transformed using a mechanical extractor and this primary transformation the maad makes it possible to obtain a refined puree (Figure 6(a)) which can subsequently be converted into several finished products such as nectars (Figure 6(c) and Figure 7), syrups, concentrated bases and marmalades. An encyclopedia of 556 edible fruits of the world. Clinging to branches of trees with its tendrils [8] , it is often anelian with a trunk that can. The fruit is also characterized by water content which is most often closed to 80% [23] . The fruits are collected by people in villages and sold. Minerals are also revealed in Saba’s fruit such us calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium respectively 51 ppm, 357.5 ppm, 47.5 ppm and 152 ppm [24] , the fruit is poor in sodium (<5 ppm). The interest of Saba senegalensis in feeding and treating hundreds of diseases in rural populations is widely recognized [6] . [16] , in wooded savanna areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in ravines and rocky hills [1] [9] . The Saba fruit of Senegal has different vernacular names which vary according to the dialect spoken by the local populations. Evolution of S. senegalensis recorded production in Senegal from 1997 to 2015 [36] . A wholesaler sells about 10 bags of 70 kg on average a day, where a half-wholesaler sells 1 bag and makes a margin of 5000 FCFA/day.